# MQTTS Quick Reference

## Quick Start
For fast MQTTS setup with default settings:

```bash
# 1. Set domain
DOMAIN="mq.example.com"

# 2. Verify DNS
dig $DOMAIN +short

# 3. Issue certificate
~/.acme.sh/acme.sh --issue --dns dns_ali -d $DOMAIN --keylength 2048

# 4. Install with auto-reload
~/.acme.sh/acme.sh --install-cert -d $DOMAIN \
  --cert-file /root/certs/$DOMAIN/cert.pem \
  --key-file /root/certs/$DOMAIN/key.pem \
  --fullchain-file /root/certs/$DOMAIN/fullchain.pem \
  --reloadcmd "docker restart emqx"

# 5. Fix permissions
chmod 755 /root/certs/$DOMAIN
chmod 644 /root/certs/$DOMAIN/*.pem

# 6. Recreate EMQX container with cert mount
docker stop emqx && docker rm emqx
docker run -d --name emqx --restart unless-stopped \
  -p 1883:1883 -p 8083-8084:8083-8084 -p 8883:8883 -p 18083:18083 \
  -v /root/emqx/data:/opt/emqx/data \
  -v /root/emqx/log:/opt/emqx/log \
  -v /root/certs/$DOMAIN:/opt/emqx/etc/certs:ro \
  emqx/emqx:5.8.8

# 7. Verify
sleep 5
docker exec emqx emqx ctl listeners | grep ssl
openssl s_client -connect $DOMAIN:8883 -servername $DOMAIN < /dev/null
```

## Client Connection

### Python (System CA)
```python
import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt
import ssl

client = mqtt.Client()
client.username_pw_set("user", "pass")
client.tls_set(cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_REQUIRED, tls_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2)
client.connect("mq.example.com", 8883, 60)
```

### Python (with fullchain.pem)
```python
client.tls_set(ca_certs="fullchain.pem", cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_REQUIRED)
client.connect("mq.example.com", 8883, 60)
```

### Node.js
```javascript
const mqtt = require('mqtt');
const client = mqtt.connect('mqtts://mq.example.com:8883', {
  username: 'user',
  password: 'pass',
  rejectUnauthorized: true
});
```

### ESP32
```cpp
#include <WiFiClientSecure.h>
#include <PubSubClient.h>

const char* root_ca = "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n"...; // from fullchain.pem

WiFiClientSecure espClient;
PubSubClient client(espClient);

void setup() {
  espClient.setCACert(root_ca);
  client.setServer("mq.example.com", 8883);
  client.connect("ESP32", "user", "pass");
}
```

## Common Commands

### Certificate Management
```bash
# List certificates
~/.acme.sh/acme.sh --list

# Check certificate info
~/.acme.sh/acme.sh --info -d $DOMAIN

# Force renewal
~/.acme.sh/acme.sh --renew -d $DOMAIN --force

# View certificate details
openssl x509 -in /root/certs/$DOMAIN/cert.pem -text -noout

# Check expiry
openssl x509 -in /root/certs/$DOMAIN/cert.pem -noout -dates

# Get fingerprint
openssl x509 -in /root/certs/$DOMAIN/cert.pem -noout -fingerprint -sha256
```

### EMQX Management
```bash
# Check listeners
docker exec emqx emqx ctl listeners

# Check connections
docker exec emqx emqx ctl broker stats

# View logs
docker logs emqx --tail 100 -f

# Restart container
docker restart emqx

# Check certificate files
docker exec emqx ls -l /opt/emqx/etc/certs/
```

### Testing
```bash
# Test SSL connection
openssl s_client -connect $DOMAIN:8883 -servername $DOMAIN

# Test with mosquitto
mosquitto_pub -h $DOMAIN -p 8883 \
  --capath /etc/ssl/certs \
  -t "test/topic" -m "hello" \
  -u "username" -P "password"

# Test with custom CA
mosquitto_pub -h $DOMAIN -p 8883 \
  --cafile fullchain.pem \
  -t "test/topic" -m "hello" \
  -u "username" -P "password"
```

### Backup & Export
```bash
# Create backup
cd /root/certs
tar czf $DOMAIN-backup-$(date +%Y%m%d).tar.gz $DOMAIN/

# Download (from local machine)
scp root@SERVER_IP:/root/certs/$DOMAIN-backup-*.tar.gz ./

# Extract public key
openssl rsa -in $DOMAIN/key.pem -pubout -out $DOMAIN/public.pem

# Get public key fingerprint
openssl rsa -in $DOMAIN/key.pem -pubout 2>/dev/null | openssl md5
```

## Troubleshooting

### DNS not resolving
```bash
dig $DOMAIN +short
nslookup $DOMAIN
# Wait 5-10 minutes for propagation
```

### Certificate issuance failed
```bash
# Check DNS API credentials
cat ~/.acme.sh/account.conf | grep Ali_

# Test with debug mode
~/.acme.sh/acme.sh --issue --dns dns_ali -d $DOMAIN --debug 2
```

### SSL connection failed
```bash
# Check port is open
nc -zv $DOMAIN 8883

# Check firewall
iptables -L -n | grep 8883

# Test with insecure (testing only)
mosquitto_pub -h $DOMAIN -p 8883 --insecure -t test -m hello
```

### Container won't start
```bash
# Check logs
docker logs emqx

# Check permissions
ls -la /root/certs/$DOMAIN/

# Fix permissions
chmod 755 /root/certs/$DOMAIN
chmod 644 /root/certs/$DOMAIN/*.pem
```

## Key Concepts

### Single-Direction TLS (Current Setup)
- Client verifies server identity (via certificate)
- Server authenticates client (via username/password)
- Client needs: System CA OR fullchain.pem
- Client does NOT need: server public key, server private key

### File Purpose
- `cert.pem`: Server certificate (contains public key)
- `key.pem`: Server private key (CONFIDENTIAL)
- `fullchain.pem`: Server cert + intermediate + root CA
- `public.pem`: Public key extracted from private key
- `cacert.pem`: CA certificate (usually symlink to fullchain)

### Client Requirements
| Client Type | Needs | Reason |
|-------------|-------|--------|
| PC/Mac/Server | Nothing (system CA) | OS trusts ZeroSSL |
| Android/iOS | Nothing (system CA) | OS trusts ZeroSSL |
| ESP32/Arduino | fullchain.pem | No system CA access |
| Docker | System CA or fullchain.pem | Depends on base image |

### Auto-Renewal
- Cron: Daily at 00:34
- Threshold: 60 days before expiry
- Action: Renew cert → Install → Restart EMQX
- No client action needed (unless using public key pinning)

## Important Notes

1. **Domain Required**: Must use domain name (mq.example.com), NOT IP address
2. **DNS Must Resolve**: A record must point to server before certificate issuance
3. **Port 8883**: Ensure firewall allows port 8883 for MQTTS
4. **Time Sync**: Server and client clocks must be accurate for TLS
5. **Key Reuse**: acme.sh reuses private key by default (public key stays same)
6. **Certificate Chain**: Modern clients need full chain, not just server cert

## Quick Diagnosis

### Check Everything
```bash
DOMAIN="mq.example.com"

echo "=== DNS ==="
dig $DOMAIN +short

echo "=== Certificate ==="
openssl x509 -in /root/certs/$DOMAIN/cert.pem -noout -dates -subject

echo "=== EMQX Container ==="
docker ps | grep emqx

echo "=== Listeners ==="
docker exec emqx emqx ctl listeners | grep -A 5 ssl

echo "=== SSL Test ==="
timeout 5 openssl s_client -connect $DOMAIN:8883 -servername $DOMAIN < /dev/null 2>&1 | grep -E "Verify return|subject=|issuer="

echo "=== Auto-Renewal ==="
~/.acme.sh/acme.sh --list | grep $DOMAIN

echo "=== Cron ==="
crontab -l | grep acme
```

## Reference
- EMQX Config: `/opt/emqx/etc/emqx.conf` (in container)
- Certificates: `/root/certs/$DOMAIN/` (on host) → `/opt/emqx/etc/certs/` (in container)
- acme.sh: `~/.acme.sh/`
- Logs: `/root/emqx/log/` (host) or `docker logs emqx`
- Dashboard: http://SERVER_IP:18083 (default: admin/public)