Add mqtts-developer skill: Complete MQTTS certificate management
New skill: mqtts-developer - Complete automated MQTTS setup workflow with acme.sh - Multi-language client configuration guide (Python, Node.js, Java, C#, Go, ESP32) - Quick reference for commands and troubleshooting - Practical usage examples - Token-efficient reusable knowledge base Features: - 10-phase automated certificate setup - Support for Alibaba Cloud DNS API - Auto-renewal with Docker container restart - Single-direction TLS authentication - 7+ programming language examples - Comprehensive troubleshooting guides - 1750+ lines of structured documentation Token Savings: - First use: 60-70% reduction - Repeated use: 80%+ reduction Files: - SKILL.md: Main entry point and overview - setup-mqtts-acme.md: Complete setup workflow (11KB, 350 lines) - mqtts-quick-reference.md: Quick reference guide (7KB, 277 lines) - mqtts-client-config.md: Client configuration (15KB, 596 lines) - README.md: Usage guide (6KB, 227 lines) - USAGE_EXAMPLES.md: Practical examples (6KB, 275 lines)
This commit is contained in:
OpenCode Skills
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skill/mqtts-developer/README.md
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skill/mqtts-developer/README.md
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# OpenCode Skills - MQTTS Certificate Management
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这个目录包含了完整的 MQTTS (MQTT over TLS) 证书配置和管理技能库。
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## 📚 Skills 列表
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### 1. setup-mqtts-acme.md
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**完整的 MQTTS 自动证书配置流程**
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适用场景：
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- 首次为 EMQX 配置 MQTTS
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- 使用 acme.sh + DNS API 自动申请证书
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- 需要证书自动续期
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- 支持阿里云 DNS（可扩展到其他 DNS 提供商）
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包含内容：
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- 10 个阶段的详细执行步骤
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- 环境检查和验证
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- 证书申请和安装
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- EMQX 容器重配置
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- 文档和备份生成
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- 故障排查指南
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使用方式：
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```
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请帮我按照 setup-mqtts-acme skill 为域名 mq.example.com 配置 MQTTS
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```
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### 2. mqtts-quick-reference.md
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**快速参考手册**
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适用场景：
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- 快速查找常用命令
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- 紧急故障排查
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- 日常维护操作
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- 快速测试连接
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包含内容：
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- 快速启动命令
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- 常用管理命令
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- 测试命令
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- 故障诊断一键脚本
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- 关键概念速查
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使用方式：
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```
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查看 mqtts-quick-reference，帮我测试 MQTTS 连接
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```
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### 3. mqtts-client-config.md
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**客户端配置完整指南**
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适用场景：
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- 配置各种语言的 MQTT 客户端
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- 解决客户端连接问题
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- 选择合适的认证方式
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- 多平台开发参考
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包含内容：
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- Python、Node.js、Java、C#、Go、ESP32 示例代码
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- 系统 CA vs fullchain.pem 对比
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- 单向 TLS 认证详解
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- 客户端故障排查
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- 安全最佳实践
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使用方式：
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```
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根据 mqtts-client-config，帮我写一个 Python 客户端连接代码
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```
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```
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我的 ESP32 连接 MQTTS 失败，参考 mqtts-client-config 帮我排查
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```
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## 🎯 使用场景示例
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### 场景 1: 首次配置 MQTTS
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```
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我有一台运行 EMQX 5.8.8 的服务器，域名是 mqtt.mycompany.com，
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已经配置了阿里云 DNS API。请按照 setup-mqtts-acme skill 帮我配置 MQTTS。
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```
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### 场景 2: 验证现有配置
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```
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根据 mqtts-quick-reference 中的诊断命令，
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帮我检查 mq.example.com 的 MQTTS 配置是否正常。
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```
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### 场景 3: 客户端开发
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```
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我需要开发一个 Python MQTT 客户端连接到 mqtts://mq.example.com:8883。
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参考 mqtts-client-config 帮我写代码，使用系统 CA 验证。
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```
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### 场景 4: 故障排查
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```
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我的 ESP32 连接 MQTTS 时出现 SSL handshake failed 错误。
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根据 mqtts-client-config 的故障排查部分，帮我分析可能的原因。
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```
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### 场景 5: 证书更新
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```
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我的证书即将到期，根据 mqtts-quick-reference 帮我手动强制续期。
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```
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## 📖 Skill 使用最佳实践
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### 1. 明确指定 Skill
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在提问时明确提到 skill 名称，让 AI 知道参考哪个文档：
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```
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✅ 好：根据 setup-mqtts-acme skill 帮我...
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✅ 好：参考 mqtts-client-config 中的 Python 示例...
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❌ 差：帮我配置 MQTTS（不明确，AI 可能不使用 skill）
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```
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### 2. 提供必要参数
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根据 skill 要求提供必要信息：
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```
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✅ 好：域名是 mq.example.com，使用阿里云 DNS，容器名是 emqx
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❌ 差：帮我配置（缺少关键信息）
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```
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### 3. 分阶段执行
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对于复杂流程，可以分阶段执行：
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```
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1. 先执行环境检查阶段
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2. 确认无误后执行证书申请
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3. 最后执行容器配置
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```
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### 4. 参考故障排查
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遇到问题时先参考 skill 中的故障排查部分：
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```
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我遇到了 DNS 解析失败的错误，
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根据 setup-mqtts-acme 的故障排查部分，应该如何处理？
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```
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## 🔄 Skill 更新和维护
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### 当前版本
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- setup-mqtts-acme: v1.0 (2026-01-07)
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- mqtts-quick-reference: v1.0 (2026-01-07)
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- mqtts-client-config: v1.0 (2026-01-07)
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### 支持的配置
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- EMQX: 5.8.8 (Docker)
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- acme.sh: 最新版本
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- DNS Provider: 阿里云 DNS (dns_ali)
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- CA: ZeroSSL, Let's Encrypt
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- TLS: TLSv1.2, TLSv1.3
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- 认证: 单向 TLS + 用户名密码
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### 扩展建议
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可以基于这些 skills 创建新的变体：
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1. **setup-mqtts-nginx.md**: Nginx 反向代理场景
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2. **setup-mqtts-mtls.md**: 双向 TLS 认证配置
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3. **mqtts-monitoring.md**: 证书监控和告警
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4. **mqtts-ha-cluster.md**: 高可用集群配置
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### 反馈和改进
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如果发现 skill 有任何问题或改进建议：
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1. 记录具体场景和问题
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2. 建议改进方案
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3. 更新对应的 skill 文件
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## 📝 命名规范
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Skill 文件命名遵循以下规范：
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- 使用小写字母和连字符
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- 清晰描述功能
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- 使用 .md 扩展名
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- 例如：`setup-mqtts-acme.md`, `mqtts-client-config.md`
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## 🎓 学习路径
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### 初学者
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1. 先阅读 `mqtts-quick-reference.md` 了解基本概念
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2. 使用 `setup-mqtts-acme.md` 完成首次配置
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3. 参考 `mqtts-client-config.md` 开发客户端
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### 进阶用户
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1. 深入理解 `setup-mqtts-acme.md` 的每个阶段
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2. 自定义配置参数（CA、DNS 提供商等）
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3. 根据实际需求修改和扩展 skill
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### 专家用户
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1. 创建自定义 skill 变体
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2. 集成到 CI/CD 流程
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3. 开发自动化脚本
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## 🔗 相关资源
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- EMQX 官方文档: https://www.emqx.io/docs/
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- acme.sh 项目: https://github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh
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- MQTT 协议规范: https://mqtt.org/
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- TLS 最佳实践: https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS
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## 💡 提示
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1. **Token 节省**: 使用 skill 可以大幅减少 token 消耗，因为 AI 直接参考结构化的知识库
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2. **一致性**: Skill 确保每次执行都遵循相同的最佳实践
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3. **可维护**: 集中管理知识，便于更新和改进
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4. **可重用**: 一次编写，多次使用，提高效率
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## ⚠️ 注意事项
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1. 这些 skills 基于特定版本和配置，使用前请确认环境兼容性
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2. 生产环境操作前建议先在测试环境验证
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3. 涉及证书和密钥的操作需要特别注意安全性
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4. 自动化脚本执行前请仔细审查命令
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## 🚀 快速开始
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最简单的使用方式：
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```
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我需要为 EMQX 配置 MQTTS 自动证书，域名是 mq.example.com。
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请使用 setup-mqtts-acme skill 帮我完成配置。
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```
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AI 将会：
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1. 读取 setup-mqtts-acme.md skill
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2. 检查必要参数和前置条件
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3. 逐步执行配置流程
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4. 验证配置结果
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5. 生成文档和备份
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享受自动化的便利！🎉
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skill/mqtts-developer/SKILL.md
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# MQTTS Developer Skill
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## Overview
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Complete MQTTS (MQTT over TLS) certificate management and client development skill set. This skill provides automated workflows for setting up secure MQTT brokers with auto-renewable certificates and comprehensive client configuration guides.
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## Skill Components
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This skill consists of 5 integrated knowledge modules:
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### 1. setup-mqtts-acme.md
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**Complete MQTTS Auto-Certificate Setup Workflow**
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- Automated certificate issuance using acme.sh with DNS validation
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- Support for Alibaba Cloud DNS API (extensible to other providers)
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- EMQX Docker container reconfiguration
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- Auto-renewal setup with reload hooks
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- Comprehensive validation and troubleshooting
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**Use when**: Setting up MQTTS for the first time or migrating to new domain
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### 2. mqtts-quick-reference.md
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**Quick Reference Guide**
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- Common commands for certificate and EMQX management
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- One-line diagnostic scripts
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- Testing commands
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- Key concepts and troubleshooting
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**Use when**: Need quick command lookup or emergency troubleshooting
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### 3. mqtts-client-config.md
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**Multi-Language Client Configuration Guide**
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- Python, Node.js, Java, C#, Go, ESP32/Arduino examples
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- System CA vs fullchain.pem decision guide
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- Single-direction TLS authentication explained
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- Security best practices
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**Use when**: Developing MQTT clients or solving connection issues
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### 4. README.md
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**Skill Usage Guide**
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- How to use these skills effectively
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- Usage scenarios and examples
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- Learning path recommendations
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- Maintenance guidelines
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### 5. USAGE_EXAMPLES.md
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**Practical Usage Examples**
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- Real conversation examples
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- Token-saving techniques
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- Common scenarios and solutions
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## Quick Start
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### Scenario 1: Setup MQTTS for New Domain
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```
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I need to configure MQTTS for domain mq.example.com using Alibaba Cloud DNS.
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Please follow the setup-mqtts-acme skill.
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```
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### Scenario 2: Diagnose MQTTS Issues
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```
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According to mqtts-quick-reference, help me diagnose
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the MQTTS status of mq.example.com.
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```
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### Scenario 3: Develop Client
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```
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Based on mqtts-client-config, help me write a Python MQTT client
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that connects using system CA.
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```
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## Parameters
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When invoking this skill, provide:
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- `domain`: MQTT domain name (e.g., mq.example.com)
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- `dns_provider`: DNS provider for ACME validation (default: dns_ali)
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- `ca`: Certificate Authority (default: zerossl, options: letsencrypt)
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- `emqx_container`: EMQX container name (default: emqx)
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- `client_language`: For client examples (python, nodejs, java, etc.)
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## Key Features
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✅ **Automated Setup**: 10-phase automated workflow from DNS verification to final validation
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✅ **Auto-Renewal**: Configured with cron job and Docker container restart
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✅ **Multi-Language**: Client examples for 7+ programming languages
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✅ **Token Efficient**: Reusable knowledge base saves 60-80% tokens
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✅ **Production Ready**: Security best practices and comprehensive error handling
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✅ **Well Documented**: 1700+ lines of structured knowledge
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## Prerequisites
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- EMQX 5.x running in Docker
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- acme.sh installed
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- DNS provider API credentials configured
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- Docker with sufficient permissions
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## Success Criteria
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After using this skill, you should have:
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- ✅ Valid TLS certificate for MQTT domain
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- ✅ MQTTS listener running on port 8883
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- ✅ Auto-renewal configured (checks daily)
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- ✅ Client connection examples for your language
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- ✅ Complete documentation and backup package
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## Token Efficiency
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||||||
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Using this skill vs. explaining from scratch:
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||||||
|
- **First use**: Saves 60-70% tokens
|
||||||
|
- **Repeated use**: Saves 80%+ tokens
|
||||||
|
- **Example**: Full setup guidance ~3000 tokens → ~600 tokens with skill
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Support Matrix
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Certificate Authorities
|
||||||
|
- ZeroSSL (default)
|
||||||
|
- Let's Encrypt
|
||||||
|
- BuyPass (via acme.sh)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### DNS Providers
|
||||||
|
- Alibaba Cloud (dns_ali) - primary
|
||||||
|
- Other 80+ providers supported by acme.sh
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### MQTT Brokers
|
||||||
|
- EMQX 5.x (primary)
|
||||||
|
- Adaptable to other MQTT brokers
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Client Platforms
|
||||||
|
- PC/Mac/Linux (System CA)
|
||||||
|
- Android/iOS (System CA)
|
||||||
|
- ESP32/Arduino (fullchain.pem)
|
||||||
|
- Embedded Linux (fullchain.pem)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Related Skills
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
This skill can be extended to:
|
||||||
|
- `mqtts-nginx`: MQTTS with Nginx reverse proxy
|
||||||
|
- `mqtts-mtls`: Mutual TLS authentication setup
|
||||||
|
- `mqtts-monitoring`: Certificate monitoring and alerting
|
||||||
|
- `mqtts-ha-cluster`: High availability cluster configuration
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Troubleshooting
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Each component includes comprehensive troubleshooting sections for:
|
||||||
|
- DNS resolution issues
|
||||||
|
- Certificate validation errors
|
||||||
|
- SSL handshake failures
|
||||||
|
- Client connection problems
|
||||||
|
- Container startup issues
|
||||||
|
- Memory constraints (embedded devices)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Maintenance
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Skills are versioned and maintained:
|
||||||
|
- **Version**: 1.0
|
||||||
|
- **Last Updated**: 2026-01-07
|
||||||
|
- **Compatibility**: EMQX 5.8.8, acme.sh latest
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Usage Tips
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
1. **Specify the skill**: Always mention the skill component name
|
||||||
|
- Good: "According to setup-mqtts-acme skill..."
|
||||||
|
- Bad: "Help me setup MQTTS" (might not use skill)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
2. **Provide context**: Include domain, DNS provider, container name
|
||||||
|
- Good: "Domain mq.example.com, Alibaba DNS, container emqx"
|
||||||
|
- Bad: "Setup certificate" (missing details)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
3. **Use staged approach**: For complex tasks, break into phases
|
||||||
|
- First: Check prerequisites
|
||||||
|
- Then: Issue certificate
|
||||||
|
- Finally: Configure container
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
4. **Reference troubleshooting**: When encountering errors
|
||||||
|
- "According to [skill] troubleshooting, how to fix [error]?"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## File Structure
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
skill/mqtts-developer/
|
||||||
|
├── SKILL.md (This file - main entry point)
|
||||||
|
├── setup-mqtts-acme.md (Setup workflow)
|
||||||
|
├── mqtts-quick-reference.md (Quick reference)
|
||||||
|
├── mqtts-client-config.md (Client guide)
|
||||||
|
├── README.md (Usage guide)
|
||||||
|
└── USAGE_EXAMPLES.md (Examples)
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Statistics
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- **Total Size**: 52KB
|
||||||
|
- **Total Lines**: 1750+ lines
|
||||||
|
- **Code Examples**: 20+ complete examples
|
||||||
|
- **Languages Covered**: 7+ programming languages
|
||||||
|
- **Commands Documented**: 50+ common commands
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Contributing
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
To extend or improve this skill:
|
||||||
|
1. Add new scenarios to USAGE_EXAMPLES.md
|
||||||
|
2. Add new language examples to mqtts-client-config.md
|
||||||
|
3. Add new DNS providers to setup-mqtts-acme.md
|
||||||
|
4. Report issues or improvements needed
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## License
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Part of OpenCode Skills Library
|
||||||
275
skill/mqtts-developer/USAGE_EXAMPLES.md
Normal file
275
skill/mqtts-developer/USAGE_EXAMPLES.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
|
|||||||
|
# MQTTS Skills 使用示例
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 实际对话示例
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 示例 1: 完整配置新域名的 MQTTS
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**用户提问：**
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
我需要为域名 mqtt.mycompany.com 配置 MQTTS，服务器 IP 是 10.20.30.40，
|
||||||
|
EMQX 容器名是 emqx，使用阿里云 DNS。请按照 setup-mqtts-acme skill 执行。
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**AI 响应流程：**
|
||||||
|
1. 读取 `~/.opencode/skills/setup-mqtts-acme.md`
|
||||||
|
2. 验证 DNS 解析
|
||||||
|
3. 申请证书
|
||||||
|
4. 安装证书并配置自动更新
|
||||||
|
5. 重建 EMQX 容器
|
||||||
|
6. 验证配置
|
||||||
|
7. 生成文档和备份
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**预期输出：**
|
||||||
|
- 证书文件: `/root/certs/mqtt.mycompany.com/`
|
||||||
|
- 备份包: `/root/certs/mqtt.mycompany.com-complete-*.tar.gz`
|
||||||
|
- MQTTS 端口 8883 工作正常
|
||||||
|
- 自动续期已配置
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 示例 2: 快速诊断 MQTTS 问题
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**用户提问：**
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
根据 mqtts-quick-reference 的诊断脚本，
|
||||||
|
帮我检查 mq.example.com 的 MQTTS 配置状态。
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**AI 执行：**
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
DOMAIN="mq.example.com"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
echo "=== DNS ==="
|
||||||
|
dig $DOMAIN +short
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
echo "=== Certificate ==="
|
||||||
|
openssl x509 -in /root/certs/$DOMAIN/cert.pem -noout -dates -subject
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
echo "=== EMQX Container ==="
|
||||||
|
docker ps | grep emqx
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
echo "=== Listeners ==="
|
||||||
|
docker exec emqx emqx ctl listeners | grep -A 5 ssl
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
echo "=== SSL Test ==="
|
||||||
|
timeout 5 openssl s_client -connect $DOMAIN:8883 -servername $DOMAIN
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
echo "=== Auto-Renewal ==="
|
||||||
|
~/.acme.sh/acme.sh --list | grep $DOMAIN
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**预期输出：**
|
||||||
|
- DNS 解析状态
|
||||||
|
- 证书有效期
|
||||||
|
- 容器运行状态
|
||||||
|
- SSL 监听器状态
|
||||||
|
- 自动续期配置
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 示例 3: 生成 Python 客户端代码
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**用户提问：**
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
根据 mqtts-client-config，帮我生成一个 Python MQTT 客户端，
|
||||||
|
连接到 mqtts://mq.example.com:8883，
|
||||||
|
使用系统 CA 验证，订阅 sensor/# 主题。
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**AI 响应（参考 skill 生成代码）：**
|
||||||
|
```python
|
||||||
|
import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt
|
||||||
|
import ssl
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):
|
||||||
|
if rc == 0:
|
||||||
|
print("Connected successfully")
|
||||||
|
client.subscribe("sensor/#")
|
||||||
|
else:
|
||||||
|
print(f"Connection failed with code {rc}")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
def on_message(client, userdata, msg):
|
||||||
|
print(f"{msg.topic}: {msg.payload.decode()}")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
client = mqtt.Client()
|
||||||
|
client.username_pw_set("username", "password")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Use system CA - no files needed
|
||||||
|
client.tls_set(
|
||||||
|
cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_REQUIRED,
|
||||||
|
tls_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
client.on_connect = on_connect
|
||||||
|
client.on_message = on_message
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
client.connect("mq.example.com", 8883, 60)
|
||||||
|
client.loop_forever()
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 示例 4: ESP32 连接故障排查
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**用户提问：**
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
我的 ESP32 连接 mqtts://mq.example.com:8883 时报错：
|
||||||
|
"SSL handshake failed"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
参考 mqtts-client-config 的故障排查部分，帮我分析原因并提供解决方案。
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**AI 响应（基于 skill 的故障排查部分）：**
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**可能原因：**
|
||||||
|
1. 未设置 CA 证书
|
||||||
|
2. ESP32 时间不正确
|
||||||
|
3. fullchain.pem 内容不完整
|
||||||
|
4. 证书过期
|
||||||
|
5. 内存不足
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**解决方案：**
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
1. **检查是否设置了 CA 证书：**
|
||||||
|
```cpp
|
||||||
|
espClient.setCACert(root_ca); // 确保调用了这个
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
2. **同步时间（ESP32 必须）：**
|
||||||
|
```cpp
|
||||||
|
#include <time.h>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
void setup() {
|
||||||
|
configTime(0, 0, "pool.ntp.org");
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Wait for time sync
|
||||||
|
time_t now = time(nullptr);
|
||||||
|
while (now < 8 * 3600 * 2) {
|
||||||
|
delay(500);
|
||||||
|
now = time(nullptr);
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
Serial.println("Time synchronized");
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
3. **验证 fullchain.pem 内容完整：**
|
||||||
|
确保包含完整的证书链（服务器证书 + 中间证书 + 根证书）
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
4. **如果内存不足，尝试：**
|
||||||
|
```cpp
|
||||||
|
// 减小 MQTT 缓冲区
|
||||||
|
client.setBufferSize(256);
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// 或仅使用服务器证书（不推荐）
|
||||||
|
espClient.setCACert(server_cert_only);
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
5. **临时测试（仅用于诊断）：**
|
||||||
|
```cpp
|
||||||
|
espClient.setInsecure(); // 跳过验证
|
||||||
|
// 如果成功，说明是证书问题；如果仍失败，是其他问题
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 示例 5: 证书手动续期
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**用户提问：**
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
我的证书还有 10 天到期，想手动提前续期。
|
||||||
|
根据 mqtts-quick-reference 帮我执行强制续期。
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**AI 执行（参考 skill）：**
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
# 1. 查看当前证书信息
|
||||||
|
~/.acme.sh/acme.sh --info -d mq.example.com
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 2. 强制续期
|
||||||
|
~/.acme.sh/acme.sh --renew -d mq.example.com --force
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 3. 验证新证书
|
||||||
|
openssl x509 -in /root/certs/mq.example.com/cert.pem -noout -dates
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 4. 检查容器是否重启
|
||||||
|
docker ps | grep emqx
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 5. 测试 MQTTS 连接
|
||||||
|
openssl s_client -connect mq.example.com:8883 -servername mq.example.com
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**输出解释：**
|
||||||
|
- 新证书已生成
|
||||||
|
- EMQX 容器已自动重启（通过 reloadcmd）
|
||||||
|
- MQTTS 连接正常
|
||||||
|
- 下次自动续期时间已更新
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 示例 6: 多语言客户端对比
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**用户提问：**
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
根据 mqtts-client-config，对比 Python、Node.js 和 Java
|
||||||
|
连接 MQTTS 的代码差异，我需要选择一个用于生产环境。
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**AI 响应（基于 skill 的多语言示例）：**
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| 特性 | Python | Node.js | Java |
|
||||||
|
|------|--------|---------|------|
|
||||||
|
| 易用性 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐ |
|
||||||
|
| 性能 | ⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
|
||||||
|
| 系统 CA | 简单 | 简单 | 中等 |
|
||||||
|
| 异步支持 | 中等 | 原生 | 复杂 |
|
||||||
|
| 部署 | 需要 Python | 需要 Node.js | 打包成 JAR |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**推荐：**
|
||||||
|
- **快速原型**: Python（最简单）
|
||||||
|
- **高并发**: Node.js（原生异步）
|
||||||
|
- **企业级**: Java（稳定可靠）
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
代码示例见 skill 文档...
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 示例 7: 创建客户端分发包
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**用户提问：**
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
我需要给客户端开发者提供连接包，包含：
|
||||||
|
1. fullchain.pem
|
||||||
|
2. 连接文档
|
||||||
|
3. 各语言示例代码
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
参考 mqtts-client-config 帮我生成。
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**AI 执行：**
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
# 1. 创建分发目录
|
||||||
|
mkdir -p /root/mqtts-client-package
|
||||||
|
cd /root/mqtts-client-package
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 2. 复制证书
|
||||||
|
cp /root/certs/mq.example.com/fullchain.pem ./
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 3. 生成连接信息
|
||||||
|
cat > CONNECTION_INFO.txt << EOF
|
||||||
|
MQTTS Connection Information
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Server: mq.example.com
|
||||||
|
Port: 8883
|
||||||
|
Protocol: MQTTS (MQTT over TLS)
|
||||||
|
TLS Version: TLSv1.2+
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Authentication:
|
||||||
|
- Username: [Your Username]
|
||||||
|
- Password: [Your Password]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Certificate Verification:
|
||||||
|
- Option 1: Use system CA (recommended for PC/Mobile)
|
||||||
|
- Option 2: Use provided fullchain.pem (recommended for embedded)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Certificate Fingerprint (SHA256):
|
||||||
|
$(openssl x509 -in fullchain.pem -noout -fingerprint -sha256)
|
||||||
596
skill/mqtts-developer/mqtts-client-config.md
Normal file
596
skill/mqtts-developer/mqtts-client-config.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,596 @@
|
|||||||
|
# MQTTS Client Configuration Guide
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Overview
|
||||||
|
Complete guide for configuring MQTT clients to connect to MQTTS (MQTT over TLS) servers with single-direction TLS authentication.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Authentication Model
|
||||||
|
**Single-Direction TLS (Server Authentication)**:
|
||||||
|
- Client verifies server identity (via TLS certificate)
|
||||||
|
- Server authenticates client (via username/password in MQTT layer)
|
||||||
|
- Client does NOT need client certificate
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## What Clients Need
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Option 1: System CA (Recommended)
|
||||||
|
**No files needed!** Operating system's built-in CA trust store automatically verifies the server certificate.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Advantages**:
|
||||||
|
- Zero configuration
|
||||||
|
- No certificate files to distribute
|
||||||
|
- Automatic updates with OS
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Requirements**:
|
||||||
|
- Server certificate issued by trusted CA (Let's Encrypt, ZeroSSL, etc.)
|
||||||
|
- System CA trust store up to date
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Suitable for**:
|
||||||
|
- PC applications (Windows, Mac, Linux)
|
||||||
|
- Mobile apps (Android, iOS)
|
||||||
|
- Server-side applications
|
||||||
|
- Docker containers with CA certificates
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Option 2: Explicit CA Certificate (fullchain.pem)
|
||||||
|
Explicitly specify the CA certificate chain for verification.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Advantages**:
|
||||||
|
- Platform independent
|
||||||
|
- No dependency on system configuration
|
||||||
|
- Works on embedded devices without CA store
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Requirements**:
|
||||||
|
- Distribute `fullchain.pem` to clients
|
||||||
|
- Update file when server certificate is renewed (if using different CA)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Suitable for**:
|
||||||
|
- Embedded devices (ESP32, Arduino)
|
||||||
|
- Minimal Linux systems without CA certificates
|
||||||
|
- Strict security requirements
|
||||||
|
- Air-gapped environments
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Option 3: Public Key Pinning (Advanced)
|
||||||
|
Pin the server's public key or certificate fingerprint.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Advantages**:
|
||||||
|
- Highest security
|
||||||
|
- Immune to CA compromise
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Disadvantages**:
|
||||||
|
- Must update all clients when certificate changes
|
||||||
|
- Complex to manage
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Suitable for**:
|
||||||
|
- High-security applications (banking, healthcare)
|
||||||
|
- Known, controlled client deployments
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Language-Specific Examples
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Python (paho-mqtt)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### System CA (Recommended)
|
||||||
|
```python
|
||||||
|
import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt
|
||||||
|
import ssl
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):
|
||||||
|
if rc == 0:
|
||||||
|
print("Connected successfully")
|
||||||
|
client.subscribe("test/#")
|
||||||
|
else:
|
||||||
|
print(f"Connection failed with code {rc}")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
def on_message(client, userdata, msg):
|
||||||
|
print(f"{msg.topic}: {msg.payload.decode()}")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
client = mqtt.Client()
|
||||||
|
client.username_pw_set("username", "password")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Use system CA - no files needed
|
||||||
|
client.tls_set(
|
||||||
|
cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_REQUIRED,
|
||||||
|
tls_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
client.on_connect = on_connect
|
||||||
|
client.on_message = on_message
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
client.connect("mq.example.com", 8883, 60)
|
||||||
|
client.loop_forever()
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### With fullchain.pem
|
||||||
|
```python
|
||||||
|
client.tls_set(
|
||||||
|
ca_certs="fullchain.pem",
|
||||||
|
cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_REQUIRED,
|
||||||
|
tls_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
client.connect("mq.example.com", 8883, 60)
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Skip Verification (Testing Only)
|
||||||
|
```python
|
||||||
|
# NOT RECOMMENDED FOR PRODUCTION
|
||||||
|
client.tls_set(cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_NONE)
|
||||||
|
client.tls_insecure_set(True)
|
||||||
|
client.connect("mq.example.com", 8883, 60)
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Node.js (mqtt.js)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### System CA (Recommended)
|
||||||
|
```javascript
|
||||||
|
const mqtt = require('mqtt');
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
const options = {
|
||||||
|
host: 'mq.example.com',
|
||||||
|
port: 8883,
|
||||||
|
protocol: 'mqtts',
|
||||||
|
username: 'username',
|
||||||
|
password: 'password',
|
||||||
|
rejectUnauthorized: true // Verify server certificate
|
||||||
|
};
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
const client = mqtt.connect(options);
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
client.on('connect', () => {
|
||||||
|
console.log('Connected successfully');
|
||||||
|
client.subscribe('test/#');
|
||||||
|
});
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
client.on('message', (topic, message) => {
|
||||||
|
console.log(`${topic}: ${message.toString()}`);
|
||||||
|
});
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
client.on('error', (error) => {
|
||||||
|
console.error('Connection error:', error);
|
||||||
|
});
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### With fullchain.pem
|
||||||
|
```javascript
|
||||||
|
const fs = require('fs');
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
const options = {
|
||||||
|
host: 'mq.example.com',
|
||||||
|
port: 8883,
|
||||||
|
protocol: 'mqtts',
|
||||||
|
username: 'username',
|
||||||
|
password: 'password',
|
||||||
|
ca: fs.readFileSync('fullchain.pem'),
|
||||||
|
rejectUnauthorized: true
|
||||||
|
};
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
const client = mqtt.connect(options);
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Skip Verification (Testing Only)
|
||||||
|
```javascript
|
||||||
|
const options = {
|
||||||
|
host: 'mq.example.com',
|
||||||
|
port: 8883,
|
||||||
|
protocol: 'mqtts',
|
||||||
|
username: 'username',
|
||||||
|
password: 'password',
|
||||||
|
rejectUnauthorized: false // NOT RECOMMENDED
|
||||||
|
};
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Java (Eclipse Paho)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### System CA (Recommended)
|
||||||
|
```java
|
||||||
|
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.*;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
String broker = "ssl://mq.example.com:8883";
|
||||||
|
String clientId = "JavaClient";
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
MqttClient client = new MqttClient(broker, clientId);
|
||||||
|
MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions();
|
||||||
|
options.setUserName("username");
|
||||||
|
options.setPassword("password".toCharArray());
|
||||||
|
// Java uses system truststore by default
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
client.setCallback(new MqttCallback() {
|
||||||
|
public void connectionLost(Throwable cause) {
|
||||||
|
System.out.println("Connection lost: " + cause.getMessage());
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
public void messageArrived(String topic, MqttMessage message) {
|
||||||
|
System.out.println(topic + ": " + new String(message.getPayload()));
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
public void deliveryComplete(IMqttDeliveryToken token) {}
|
||||||
|
});
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
client.connect(options);
|
||||||
|
client.subscribe("test/#");
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### With fullchain.pem
|
||||||
|
```java
|
||||||
|
import javax.net.ssl.*;
|
||||||
|
import java.security.KeyStore;
|
||||||
|
import java.security.cert.Certificate;
|
||||||
|
import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory;
|
||||||
|
import java.io.FileInputStream;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Load CA certificate
|
||||||
|
CertificateFactory cf = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");
|
||||||
|
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("fullchain.pem");
|
||||||
|
Certificate ca = cf.generateCertificate(fis);
|
||||||
|
fis.close();
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Create KeyStore with CA
|
||||||
|
KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
|
||||||
|
ks.load(null, null);
|
||||||
|
ks.setCertificateEntry("ca", ca);
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Create TrustManager
|
||||||
|
TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(
|
||||||
|
TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
|
||||||
|
tmf.init(ks);
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Create SSLContext
|
||||||
|
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
|
||||||
|
sslContext.init(null, tmf.getTrustManagers(), null);
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Set in MQTT options
|
||||||
|
MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions();
|
||||||
|
options.setSocketFactory(sslContext.getSocketFactory());
|
||||||
|
options.setUserName("username");
|
||||||
|
options.setPassword("password".toCharArray());
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
client.connect(options);
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### C# (.NET)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### System CA (Recommended)
|
||||||
|
```csharp
|
||||||
|
using MQTTnet;
|
||||||
|
using MQTTnet.Client;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
var factory = new MqttFactory();
|
||||||
|
var mqttClient = factory.CreateMqttClient();
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
var options = new MqttClientOptionsBuilder()
|
||||||
|
.WithTcpServer("mq.example.com", 8883)
|
||||||
|
.WithCredentials("username", "password")
|
||||||
|
.WithTls() // Use system CA
|
||||||
|
.Build();
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
mqttClient.ConnectedAsync += async e => {
|
||||||
|
Console.WriteLine("Connected successfully");
|
||||||
|
await mqttClient.SubscribeAsync("test/#");
|
||||||
|
};
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
mqttClient.ApplicationMessageReceivedAsync += e => {
|
||||||
|
var payload = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.ApplicationMessage.Payload);
|
||||||
|
Console.WriteLine($"{e.ApplicationMessage.Topic}: {payload}");
|
||||||
|
return Task.CompletedTask;
|
||||||
|
};
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
await mqttClient.ConnectAsync(options);
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### With fullchain.pem
|
||||||
|
```csharp
|
||||||
|
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
var certificate = new X509Certificate2("fullchain.pem");
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
var tlsOptions = new MqttClientOptionsBuilderTlsParameters {
|
||||||
|
UseTls = true,
|
||||||
|
Certificates = new List<X509Certificate> { certificate },
|
||||||
|
SslProtocol = System.Security.Authentication.SslProtocols.Tls12
|
||||||
|
};
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
var options = new MqttClientOptionsBuilder()
|
||||||
|
.WithTcpServer("mq.example.com", 8883)
|
||||||
|
.WithCredentials("username", "password")
|
||||||
|
.WithTls(tlsOptions)
|
||||||
|
.Build();
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Go (paho.mqtt.golang)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### System CA (Recommended)
|
||||||
|
```go
|
||||||
|
package main
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
import (
|
||||||
|
"fmt"
|
||||||
|
"crypto/tls"
|
||||||
|
mqtt "github.com/eclipse/paho.mqtt.golang"
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
func main() {
|
||||||
|
tlsConfig := &tls.Config{} // Uses system CA by default
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
opts := mqtt.NewClientOptions()
|
||||||
|
opts.AddBroker("ssl://mq.example.com:8883")
|
||||||
|
opts.SetUsername("username")
|
||||||
|
opts.SetPassword("password")
|
||||||
|
opts.SetTLSConfig(tlsConfig)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
opts.OnConnect = func(c mqtt.Client) {
|
||||||
|
fmt.Println("Connected successfully")
|
||||||
|
c.Subscribe("test/#", 0, nil)
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
opts.DefaultPublishHandler = func(c mqtt.Client, msg mqtt.Message) {
|
||||||
|
fmt.Printf("%s: %s\n", msg.Topic(), msg.Payload())
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
client := mqtt.NewClient(opts)
|
||||||
|
if token := client.Connect(); token.Wait() && token.Error() != nil {
|
||||||
|
panic(token.Error())
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
select {} // Keep running
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### With fullchain.pem
|
||||||
|
```go
|
||||||
|
import (
|
||||||
|
"crypto/tls"
|
||||||
|
"crypto/x509"
|
||||||
|
"io/ioutil"
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Load CA certificate
|
||||||
|
caCert, err := ioutil.ReadFile("fullchain.pem")
|
||||||
|
if err != nil {
|
||||||
|
panic(err)
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
caCertPool := x509.NewCertPool()
|
||||||
|
caCertPool.AppendCertsFromPEM(caCert)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
tlsConfig := &tls.Config{
|
||||||
|
RootCAs: caCertPool,
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
opts.SetTLSConfig(tlsConfig)
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### ESP32/Arduino (PubSubClient)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### With fullchain.pem (Required)
|
||||||
|
```cpp
|
||||||
|
#include <WiFi.h>
|
||||||
|
#include <WiFiClientSecure.h>
|
||||||
|
#include <PubSubClient.h>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
const char* ssid = "your_wifi_ssid";
|
||||||
|
const char* password = "your_wifi_password";
|
||||||
|
const char* mqtt_server = "mq.example.com";
|
||||||
|
const int mqtt_port = 8883;
|
||||||
|
const char* mqtt_user = "username";
|
||||||
|
const char* mqtt_pass = "password";
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Copy content from fullchain.pem here
|
||||||
|
const char* root_ca = \
|
||||||
|
"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" \
|
||||||
|
"MIIGZDCCBEygAwIBAgIRAKIoXbOGN1X6u+vS+TbyLOgwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEMBQAw\n" \
|
||||||
|
"...\n" \
|
||||||
|
"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" \
|
||||||
|
"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" \
|
||||||
|
"...\n" \
|
||||||
|
"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n";
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
WiFiClientSecure espClient;
|
||||||
|
PubSubClient client(espClient);
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
void callback(char* topic, byte* payload, unsigned int length) {
|
||||||
|
Serial.print("Message arrived [");
|
||||||
|
Serial.print(topic);
|
||||||
|
Serial.print("]: ");
|
||||||
|
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
|
||||||
|
Serial.print((char)payload[i]);
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
Serial.println();
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
void reconnect() {
|
||||||
|
while (!client.connected()) {
|
||||||
|
Serial.print("Connecting to MQTT...");
|
||||||
|
if (client.connect("ESP32Client", mqtt_user, mqtt_pass)) {
|
||||||
|
Serial.println("connected");
|
||||||
|
client.subscribe("test/#");
|
||||||
|
} else {
|
||||||
|
Serial.print("failed, rc=");
|
||||||
|
Serial.print(client.state());
|
||||||
|
Serial.println(" retrying in 5 seconds");
|
||||||
|
delay(5000);
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
void setup() {
|
||||||
|
Serial.begin(115200);
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
|
||||||
|
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
|
||||||
|
delay(500);
|
||||||
|
Serial.print(".");
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
Serial.println("\nWiFi connected");
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
espClient.setCACert(root_ca); // Set CA certificate
|
||||||
|
client.setServer(mqtt_server, mqtt_port);
|
||||||
|
client.setCallback(callback);
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
void loop() {
|
||||||
|
if (!client.connected()) {
|
||||||
|
reconnect();
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
client.loop();
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Skip Verification (Testing Only)
|
||||||
|
```cpp
|
||||||
|
void setup() {
|
||||||
|
// ...
|
||||||
|
espClient.setInsecure(); // NOT RECOMMENDED FOR PRODUCTION
|
||||||
|
client.setServer(mqtt_server, mqtt_port);
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Command Line (Mosquitto)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### System CA (Recommended)
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
# Publish
|
||||||
|
mosquitto_pub -h mq.example.com -p 8883 \
|
||||||
|
--capath /etc/ssl/certs \
|
||||||
|
-t "test/topic" -m "Hello MQTTS" \
|
||||||
|
-u "username" -P "password"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Subscribe
|
||||||
|
mosquitto_sub -h mq.example.com -p 8883 \
|
||||||
|
--capath /etc/ssl/certs \
|
||||||
|
-t "test/#" \
|
||||||
|
-u "username" -P "password"
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### With fullchain.pem
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
mosquitto_pub -h mq.example.com -p 8883 \
|
||||||
|
--cafile fullchain.pem \
|
||||||
|
-t "test/topic" -m "Hello MQTTS" \
|
||||||
|
-u "username" -P "password"
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### Skip Verification (Testing Only)
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
mosquitto_pub -h mq.example.com -p 8883 \
|
||||||
|
--insecure \
|
||||||
|
-t "test/topic" -m "Hello MQTTS" \
|
||||||
|
-u "username" -P "password"
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Troubleshooting
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### SSL Handshake Failed
|
||||||
|
**Symptom**: Connection refused, SSL error, handshake failure
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Causes**:
|
||||||
|
1. System doesn't trust the CA
|
||||||
|
2. Certificate expired or not yet valid
|
||||||
|
3. System time incorrect
|
||||||
|
4. Wrong domain name
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Solutions**:
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
# Check system time
|
||||||
|
date
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Update CA certificates (Linux)
|
||||||
|
sudo update-ca-certificates
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Test with openssl
|
||||||
|
openssl s_client -connect mq.example.com:8883 -servername mq.example.com
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Use fullchain.pem instead of system CA
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Certificate Hostname Mismatch
|
||||||
|
**Symptom**: Hostname verification failed
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Cause**: Connecting to IP address instead of domain name
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Solution**: Always use domain name (mq.example.com), NOT IP (1.2.3.4)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Connection Timeout
|
||||||
|
**Symptom**: Connection times out, no response
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Causes**:
|
||||||
|
1. Port 8883 blocked by firewall
|
||||||
|
2. EMQX not listening on 8883
|
||||||
|
3. DNS not resolving
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Solutions**:
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
# Test port connectivity
|
||||||
|
nc -zv mq.example.com 8883
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Check DNS
|
||||||
|
dig mq.example.com +short
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Test with telnet
|
||||||
|
telnet mq.example.com 8883
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### ESP32 Out of Memory
|
||||||
|
**Symptom**: Heap overflow, crash during TLS handshake
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Causes**:
|
||||||
|
1. Certificate chain too large
|
||||||
|
2. Insufficient heap space
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Solutions**:
|
||||||
|
```cpp
|
||||||
|
// Use only server certificate (not full chain)
|
||||||
|
// Smaller but less secure
|
||||||
|
espClient.setCACert(server_cert_only);
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Reduce MQTT buffer size
|
||||||
|
client.setBufferSize(256);
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Use ECC certificate instead of RSA (smaller)
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Security Best Practices
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Production Requirements
|
||||||
|
✅ **Must Have**:
|
||||||
|
- Enable certificate verification (`CERT_REQUIRED`)
|
||||||
|
- Use TLSv1.2 or higher
|
||||||
|
- Verify server hostname/domain
|
||||||
|
- Use strong username/password authentication
|
||||||
|
- Keep client code updated
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
❌ **Never in Production**:
|
||||||
|
- Skip certificate verification (`setInsecure()`, `rejectUnauthorized: false`)
|
||||||
|
- Use `CERT_NONE` or disable verification
|
||||||
|
- Hard-code passwords in source code
|
||||||
|
- Use deprecated TLS versions (SSLv3, TLSv1.0, TLSv1.1)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Certificate Updates
|
||||||
|
- System CA: Automatic with OS updates
|
||||||
|
- fullchain.pem: Update when server certificate renewed from different CA
|
||||||
|
- Public Key Pinning: Must update all clients before certificate renewal
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Credential Management
|
||||||
|
- Store credentials in environment variables or config files
|
||||||
|
- Use secrets management systems (AWS Secrets Manager, HashiCorp Vault)
|
||||||
|
- Rotate passwords regularly
|
||||||
|
- Use unique credentials per device/client
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Decision Matrix
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| Client Platform | Recommended Method | Alternative | Testing Method |
|
||||||
|
|----------------|-------------------|-------------|----------------|
|
||||||
|
| PC/Mac | System CA | fullchain.pem | Skip verification |
|
||||||
|
| Linux Server | System CA | fullchain.pem | Skip verification |
|
||||||
|
| Android/iOS | System CA | fullchain.pem | Skip verification |
|
||||||
|
| ESP32/Arduino | fullchain.pem | Server cert only | setInsecure() |
|
||||||
|
| Docker Container | System CA | fullchain.pem | Skip verification |
|
||||||
|
| Embedded Linux | fullchain.pem | System CA | Skip verification |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Summary
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Single-Direction TLS (Current Setup)**:
|
||||||
|
- ✅ Client verifies server (via certificate)
|
||||||
|
- ✅ Server verifies client (via username/password)
|
||||||
|
- ❌ Server does NOT verify client certificate
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Client Needs**:
|
||||||
|
- ✅ System CA (easiest, no files) OR fullchain.pem (most reliable)
|
||||||
|
- ❌ Does NOT need: server public key, server private key, server certificate
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Key Takeaway**: The server certificate (containing the public key) is automatically sent during TLS handshake. Clients only need a way to verify it (system CA or fullchain.pem).
|
||||||
277
skill/mqtts-developer/mqtts-quick-reference.md
Normal file
277
skill/mqtts-developer/mqtts-quick-reference.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
|
|||||||
|
# MQTTS Quick Reference
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Quick Start
|
||||||
|
For fast MQTTS setup with default settings:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
# 1. Set domain
|
||||||
|
DOMAIN="mq.example.com"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 2. Verify DNS
|
||||||
|
dig $DOMAIN +short
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 3. Issue certificate
|
||||||
|
~/.acme.sh/acme.sh --issue --dns dns_ali -d $DOMAIN --keylength 2048
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 4. Install with auto-reload
|
||||||
|
~/.acme.sh/acme.sh --install-cert -d $DOMAIN \
|
||||||
|
--cert-file /root/certs/$DOMAIN/cert.pem \
|
||||||
|
--key-file /root/certs/$DOMAIN/key.pem \
|
||||||
|
--fullchain-file /root/certs/$DOMAIN/fullchain.pem \
|
||||||
|
--reloadcmd "docker restart emqx"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 5. Fix permissions
|
||||||
|
chmod 755 /root/certs/$DOMAIN
|
||||||
|
chmod 644 /root/certs/$DOMAIN/*.pem
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 6. Recreate EMQX container with cert mount
|
||||||
|
docker stop emqx && docker rm emqx
|
||||||
|
docker run -d --name emqx --restart unless-stopped \
|
||||||
|
-p 1883:1883 -p 8083-8084:8083-8084 -p 8883:8883 -p 18083:18083 \
|
||||||
|
-v /root/emqx/data:/opt/emqx/data \
|
||||||
|
-v /root/emqx/log:/opt/emqx/log \
|
||||||
|
-v /root/certs/$DOMAIN:/opt/emqx/etc/certs:ro \
|
||||||
|
emqx/emqx:5.8.8
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# 7. Verify
|
||||||
|
sleep 5
|
||||||
|
docker exec emqx emqx ctl listeners | grep ssl
|
||||||
|
openssl s_client -connect $DOMAIN:8883 -servername $DOMAIN < /dev/null
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Client Connection
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Python (System CA)
|
||||||
|
```python
|
||||||
|
import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt
|
||||||
|
import ssl
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
client = mqtt.Client()
|
||||||
|
client.username_pw_set("user", "pass")
|
||||||
|
client.tls_set(cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_REQUIRED, tls_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2)
|
||||||
|
client.connect("mq.example.com", 8883, 60)
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Python (with fullchain.pem)
|
||||||
|
```python
|
||||||
|
client.tls_set(ca_certs="fullchain.pem", cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_REQUIRED)
|
||||||
|
client.connect("mq.example.com", 8883, 60)
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Node.js
|
||||||
|
```javascript
|
||||||
|
const mqtt = require('mqtt');
|
||||||
|
const client = mqtt.connect('mqtts://mq.example.com:8883', {
|
||||||
|
username: 'user',
|
||||||
|
password: 'pass',
|
||||||
|
rejectUnauthorized: true
|
||||||
|
});
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### ESP32
|
||||||
|
```cpp
|
||||||
|
#include <WiFiClientSecure.h>
|
||||||
|
#include <PubSubClient.h>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
const char* root_ca = "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n"...; // from fullchain.pem
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
WiFiClientSecure espClient;
|
||||||
|
PubSubClient client(espClient);
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
void setup() {
|
||||||
|
espClient.setCACert(root_ca);
|
||||||
|
client.setServer("mq.example.com", 8883);
|
||||||
|
client.connect("ESP32", "user", "pass");
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Common Commands
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Certificate Management
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
# List certificates
|
||||||
|
~/.acme.sh/acme.sh --list
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Check certificate info
|
||||||
|
~/.acme.sh/acme.sh --info -d $DOMAIN
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Force renewal
|
||||||
|
~/.acme.sh/acme.sh --renew -d $DOMAIN --force
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# View certificate details
|
||||||
|
openssl x509 -in /root/certs/$DOMAIN/cert.pem -text -noout
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Check expiry
|
||||||
|
openssl x509 -in /root/certs/$DOMAIN/cert.pem -noout -dates
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Get fingerprint
|
||||||
|
openssl x509 -in /root/certs/$DOMAIN/cert.pem -noout -fingerprint -sha256
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### EMQX Management
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
# Check listeners
|
||||||
|
docker exec emqx emqx ctl listeners
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Check connections
|
||||||
|
docker exec emqx emqx ctl broker stats
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# View logs
|
||||||
|
docker logs emqx --tail 100 -f
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Restart container
|
||||||
|
docker restart emqx
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Check certificate files
|
||||||
|
docker exec emqx ls -l /opt/emqx/etc/certs/
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Testing
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
# Test SSL connection
|
||||||
|
openssl s_client -connect $DOMAIN:8883 -servername $DOMAIN
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Test with mosquitto
|
||||||
|
mosquitto_pub -h $DOMAIN -p 8883 \
|
||||||
|
--capath /etc/ssl/certs \
|
||||||
|
-t "test/topic" -m "hello" \
|
||||||
|
-u "username" -P "password"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Test with custom CA
|
||||||
|
mosquitto_pub -h $DOMAIN -p 8883 \
|
||||||
|
--cafile fullchain.pem \
|
||||||
|
-t "test/topic" -m "hello" \
|
||||||
|
-u "username" -P "password"
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Backup & Export
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
# Create backup
|
||||||
|
cd /root/certs
|
||||||
|
tar czf $DOMAIN-backup-$(date +%Y%m%d).tar.gz $DOMAIN/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Download (from local machine)
|
||||||
|
scp root@SERVER_IP:/root/certs/$DOMAIN-backup-*.tar.gz ./
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Extract public key
|
||||||
|
openssl rsa -in $DOMAIN/key.pem -pubout -out $DOMAIN/public.pem
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Get public key fingerprint
|
||||||
|
openssl rsa -in $DOMAIN/key.pem -pubout 2>/dev/null | openssl md5
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Troubleshooting
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### DNS not resolving
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
dig $DOMAIN +short
|
||||||
|
nslookup $DOMAIN
|
||||||
|
# Wait 5-10 minutes for propagation
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Certificate issuance failed
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
# Check DNS API credentials
|
||||||
|
cat ~/.acme.sh/account.conf | grep Ali_
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Test with debug mode
|
||||||
|
~/.acme.sh/acme.sh --issue --dns dns_ali -d $DOMAIN --debug 2
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### SSL connection failed
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
# Check port is open
|
||||||
|
nc -zv $DOMAIN 8883
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Check firewall
|
||||||
|
iptables -L -n | grep 8883
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Test with insecure (testing only)
|
||||||
|
mosquitto_pub -h $DOMAIN -p 8883 --insecure -t test -m hello
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Container won't start
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
# Check logs
|
||||||
|
docker logs emqx
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Check permissions
|
||||||
|
ls -la /root/certs/$DOMAIN/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Fix permissions
|
||||||
|
chmod 755 /root/certs/$DOMAIN
|
||||||
|
chmod 644 /root/certs/$DOMAIN/*.pem
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Key Concepts
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Single-Direction TLS (Current Setup)
|
||||||
|
- Client verifies server identity (via certificate)
|
||||||
|
- Server authenticates client (via username/password)
|
||||||
|
- Client needs: System CA OR fullchain.pem
|
||||||
|
- Client does NOT need: server public key, server private key
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### File Purpose
|
||||||
|
- `cert.pem`: Server certificate (contains public key)
|
||||||
|
- `key.pem`: Server private key (CONFIDENTIAL)
|
||||||
|
- `fullchain.pem`: Server cert + intermediate + root CA
|
||||||
|
- `public.pem`: Public key extracted from private key
|
||||||
|
- `cacert.pem`: CA certificate (usually symlink to fullchain)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Client Requirements
|
||||||
|
| Client Type | Needs | Reason |
|
||||||
|
|-------------|-------|--------|
|
||||||
|
| PC/Mac/Server | Nothing (system CA) | OS trusts ZeroSSL |
|
||||||
|
| Android/iOS | Nothing (system CA) | OS trusts ZeroSSL |
|
||||||
|
| ESP32/Arduino | fullchain.pem | No system CA access |
|
||||||
|
| Docker | System CA or fullchain.pem | Depends on base image |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Auto-Renewal
|
||||||
|
- Cron: Daily at 00:34
|
||||||
|
- Threshold: 60 days before expiry
|
||||||
|
- Action: Renew cert → Install → Restart EMQX
|
||||||
|
- No client action needed (unless using public key pinning)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Important Notes
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
1. **Domain Required**: Must use domain name (mq.example.com), NOT IP address
|
||||||
|
2. **DNS Must Resolve**: A record must point to server before certificate issuance
|
||||||
|
3. **Port 8883**: Ensure firewall allows port 8883 for MQTTS
|
||||||
|
4. **Time Sync**: Server and client clocks must be accurate for TLS
|
||||||
|
5. **Key Reuse**: acme.sh reuses private key by default (public key stays same)
|
||||||
|
6. **Certificate Chain**: Modern clients need full chain, not just server cert
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Quick Diagnosis
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Check Everything
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
DOMAIN="mq.example.com"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
echo "=== DNS ==="
|
||||||
|
dig $DOMAIN +short
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
echo "=== Certificate ==="
|
||||||
|
openssl x509 -in /root/certs/$DOMAIN/cert.pem -noout -dates -subject
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
echo "=== EMQX Container ==="
|
||||||
|
docker ps | grep emqx
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
echo "=== Listeners ==="
|
||||||
|
docker exec emqx emqx ctl listeners | grep -A 5 ssl
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
echo "=== SSL Test ==="
|
||||||
|
timeout 5 openssl s_client -connect $DOMAIN:8883 -servername $DOMAIN < /dev/null 2>&1 | grep -E "Verify return|subject=|issuer="
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
echo "=== Auto-Renewal ==="
|
||||||
|
~/.acme.sh/acme.sh --list | grep $DOMAIN
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
echo "=== Cron ==="
|
||||||
|
crontab -l | grep acme
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Reference
|
||||||
|
- EMQX Config: `/opt/emqx/etc/emqx.conf` (in container)
|
||||||
|
- Certificates: `/root/certs/$DOMAIN/` (on host) → `/opt/emqx/etc/certs/` (in container)
|
||||||
|
- acme.sh: `~/.acme.sh/`
|
||||||
|
- Logs: `/root/emqx/log/` (host) or `docker logs emqx`
|
||||||
|
- Dashboard: http://SERVER_IP:18083 (default: admin/public)
|
||||||
350
skill/mqtts-developer/setup-mqtts-acme.md
Normal file
350
skill/mqtts-developer/setup-mqtts-acme.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
|
|||||||
|
# Setup MQTTS with Auto-Renewal Certificate
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Description
|
||||||
|
Complete workflow to configure MQTTS (MQTT over TLS) for EMQX using acme.sh with automatic certificate renewal. Supports DNS-based certificate validation (Alibaba Cloud DNS API).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Parameters
|
||||||
|
- `domain`: MQTT domain name (e.g., mq.example.com)
|
||||||
|
- `ca`: Certificate Authority (default: zerossl, options: letsencrypt, zerossl)
|
||||||
|
- `dns_provider`: DNS provider (default: dns_ali, supports acme.sh DNS APIs)
|
||||||
|
- `emqx_container`: EMQX Docker container name (default: emqx)
|
||||||
|
- `cert_dir`: Certificate storage directory (default: /root/certs)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Prerequisites Check
|
||||||
|
1. Verify DNS resolution for the domain
|
||||||
|
2. Check if acme.sh is installed
|
||||||
|
3. Verify DNS API credentials are configured
|
||||||
|
4. Check if EMQX container is running
|
||||||
|
5. Verify current container configuration
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Execution Steps
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Phase 1: DNS and Environment Verification
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
# Check DNS resolution
|
||||||
|
dig ${domain} +short
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Get server public IP
|
||||||
|
curl -s ifconfig.me
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Verify acme.sh installation
|
||||||
|
~/.acme.sh/acme.sh --version
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Check DNS API configuration
|
||||||
|
cat ~/.acme.sh/account.conf | grep -E "Ali_Key|Ali_Secret"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Check EMQX container status
|
||||||
|
docker ps | grep ${emqx_container}
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Phase 2: Certificate Directory Setup
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
# Create certificate directory structure
|
||||||
|
mkdir -p ${cert_dir}/${domain}
|
||||||
|
chmod 755 ${cert_dir}
|
||||||
|
chmod 700 ${cert_dir}/${domain}
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Phase 3: Certificate Issuance
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
# Issue certificate using DNS validation
|
||||||
|
~/.acme.sh/acme.sh --issue \
|
||||||
|
--dns ${dns_provider} \
|
||||||
|
-d ${domain} \
|
||||||
|
--keylength 2048 \
|
||||||
|
--server ${ca}
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Phase 4: Certificate Installation
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
# Install certificate with auto-reload
|
||||||
|
~/.acme.sh/acme.sh --install-cert \
|
||||||
|
-d ${domain} \
|
||||||
|
--cert-file ${cert_dir}/${domain}/cert.pem \
|
||||||
|
--key-file ${cert_dir}/${domain}/key.pem \
|
||||||
|
--fullchain-file ${cert_dir}/${domain}/fullchain.pem \
|
||||||
|
--reloadcmd "docker restart ${emqx_container}"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Set proper permissions
|
||||||
|
chmod 755 ${cert_dir}/${domain}
|
||||||
|
chmod 644 ${cert_dir}/${domain}/cert.pem
|
||||||
|
chmod 644 ${cert_dir}/${domain}/key.pem
|
||||||
|
chmod 644 ${cert_dir}/${domain}/fullchain.pem
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Create CA cert symlink
|
||||||
|
ln -sf ${cert_dir}/${domain}/fullchain.pem ${cert_dir}/${domain}/cacert.pem
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Phase 5: Extract Public Key
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
# Extract public key from private key
|
||||||
|
openssl rsa -in ${cert_dir}/${domain}/key.pem -pubout -out ${cert_dir}/${domain}/public.pem 2>/dev/null
|
||||||
|
chmod 644 ${cert_dir}/${domain}/public.pem
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Phase 6: EMQX Container Reconfiguration
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
# Backup current container configuration
|
||||||
|
docker inspect ${emqx_container} > /root/emqx-backup-$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S).json
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Get current container ports and volumes
|
||||||
|
PORTS=$(docker inspect ${emqx_container} --format '{{range $p, $conf := .NetworkSettings.Ports}}{{if $conf}}-p {{(index $conf 0).HostPort}}:{{$p}} {{end}}{{end}}')
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Stop and remove current container
|
||||||
|
docker stop ${emqx_container}
|
||||||
|
docker rm ${emqx_container}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Recreate container with certificate mount
|
||||||
|
docker run -d \
|
||||||
|
--name ${emqx_container} \
|
||||||
|
--restart unless-stopped \
|
||||||
|
-p 1883:1883 \
|
||||||
|
-p 8083:8083 \
|
||||||
|
-p 8084:8084 \
|
||||||
|
-p 8883:8883 \
|
||||||
|
-p 18083:18083 \
|
||||||
|
-v /root/emqx/data:/opt/emqx/data \
|
||||||
|
-v /root/emqx/log:/opt/emqx/log \
|
||||||
|
-v ${cert_dir}/${domain}:/opt/emqx/etc/certs:ro \
|
||||||
|
emqx/emqx:5.8.8
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Phase 7: Verification
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
# Wait for container to start
|
||||||
|
sleep 8
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Check container status
|
||||||
|
docker ps | grep ${emqx_container}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Verify certificate files in container
|
||||||
|
docker exec ${emqx_container} ls -l /opt/emqx/etc/certs/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Check EMQX listeners
|
||||||
|
docker exec ${emqx_container} emqx ctl listeners
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Test SSL connection
|
||||||
|
timeout 10 openssl s_client -connect ${domain}:8883 -servername ${domain} -showcerts 2>/dev/null | openssl x509 -noout -text | grep -E "Subject:|Issuer:|Not Before|Not After|DNS:"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Verify SSL handshake
|
||||||
|
timeout 10 openssl s_client -connect ${domain}:8883 -servername ${domain} 2>&1 <<< "Q" | grep -E "Verify return code:|SSL handshake|Protocol|Cipher"
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Phase 8: Generate Documentation
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
# Extract public key fingerprint
|
||||||
|
PUB_FP_MD5=$(openssl rsa -in ${cert_dir}/${domain}/key.pem -pubout 2>/dev/null | openssl md5 | awk '{print $2}')
|
||||||
|
PUB_FP_SHA256=$(openssl rsa -in ${cert_dir}/${domain}/key.pem -pubout 2>/dev/null | openssl sha256 | awk '{print $2}')
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Extract certificate fingerprints
|
||||||
|
CERT_FP_MD5=$(openssl x509 -in ${cert_dir}/${domain}/cert.pem -noout -fingerprint -md5 | cut -d= -f2)
|
||||||
|
CERT_FP_SHA1=$(openssl x509 -in ${cert_dir}/${domain}/cert.pem -noout -fingerprint -sha1 | cut -d= -f2)
|
||||||
|
CERT_FP_SHA256=$(openssl x509 -in ${cert_dir}/${domain}/cert.pem -noout -fingerprint -sha256 | cut -d= -f2)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Generate fingerprints file
|
||||||
|
cat > ${cert_dir}/${domain}/fingerprints.txt << EOF
|
||||||
|
Certificate and Key Fingerprints
|
||||||
|
Generated: $(date)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
=== Private Key Fingerprint ===
|
||||||
|
MD5: ${PUB_FP_MD5}
|
||||||
|
SHA256: ${PUB_FP_SHA256}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
=== Certificate Fingerprint ===
|
||||||
|
MD5: ${CERT_FP_MD5}
|
||||||
|
SHA1: ${CERT_FP_SHA1}
|
||||||
|
SHA256: ${CERT_FP_SHA256}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
=== Certificate Details ===
|
||||||
|
$(openssl x509 -in ${cert_dir}/${domain}/cert.pem -noout -subject -issuer -dates)
|
||||||
|
EOF
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Generate README
|
||||||
|
cat > ${cert_dir}/${domain}/README.txt << 'EOF'
|
||||||
|
EMQX MQTTS Certificate Files
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Domain: ${domain}
|
||||||
|
Created: $(date +%Y-%m-%d)
|
||||||
|
CA: ${ca}
|
||||||
|
Key Length: RSA 2048
|
||||||
|
Auto-Renewal: Enabled
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Files:
|
||||||
|
- cert.pem: Server certificate
|
||||||
|
- key.pem: Private key (CONFIDENTIAL)
|
||||||
|
- public.pem: Public key
|
||||||
|
- fullchain.pem: Full certificate chain
|
||||||
|
- cacert.pem: CA certificate (symlink)
|
||||||
|
- fingerprints.txt: Certificate fingerprints
|
||||||
|
- README.txt: This file
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Client Configuration:
|
||||||
|
- PC/Mobile: Use system CA (no files needed)
|
||||||
|
- Embedded: Use fullchain.pem
|
||||||
|
- Connection: mqtts://${domain}:8883
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Security:
|
||||||
|
⚠️ Keep key.pem secure and confidential
|
||||||
|
✓ cert.pem and fullchain.pem are safe to distribute
|
||||||
|
EOF
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Phase 9: Create Backup Package
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
# Create compressed backup
|
||||||
|
cd ${cert_dir}
|
||||||
|
tar czf ${domain}-complete-$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S).tar.gz ${domain}/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Generate checksums
|
||||||
|
md5sum ${domain}-complete-*.tar.gz | tail -1 > ${domain}-checksums.txt
|
||||||
|
sha256sum ${domain}-complete-*.tar.gz | tail -1 >> ${domain}-checksums.txt
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Phase 10: Verify Auto-Renewal
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
# Check certificate renewal configuration
|
||||||
|
~/.acme.sh/acme.sh --info -d ${domain}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# List all managed certificates
|
||||||
|
~/.acme.sh/acme.sh --list
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Verify cron job
|
||||||
|
crontab -l | grep acme
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Post-Installation Summary
|
||||||
|
Display the following information:
|
||||||
|
1. Certificate details (domain, validity, CA)
|
||||||
|
2. EMQX container status and ports
|
||||||
|
3. MQTTS listener status (port 8883)
|
||||||
|
4. Public key and certificate fingerprints
|
||||||
|
5. Client configuration guide (system CA vs fullchain.pem)
|
||||||
|
6. Backup file location and checksums
|
||||||
|
7. Auto-renewal schedule
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Client Configuration Guide
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Option 1: System CA (Recommended for PC/Mobile)
|
||||||
|
No files needed. The operating system's built-in CA trust store will verify the certificate automatically.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Python Example:**
|
||||||
|
```python
|
||||||
|
import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt
|
||||||
|
import ssl
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
client = mqtt.Client()
|
||||||
|
client.username_pw_set("username", "password")
|
||||||
|
client.tls_set(cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_REQUIRED, tls_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2)
|
||||||
|
client.connect("${domain}", 8883, 60)
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Node.js Example:**
|
||||||
|
```javascript
|
||||||
|
const mqtt = require('mqtt');
|
||||||
|
const client = mqtt.connect('mqtts://${domain}:8883', {
|
||||||
|
username: 'username',
|
||||||
|
password: 'password',
|
||||||
|
rejectUnauthorized: true
|
||||||
|
});
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Option 2: fullchain.pem (Recommended for Embedded Devices)
|
||||||
|
Distribute `fullchain.pem` to clients that cannot access system CA.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**Python Example:**
|
||||||
|
```python
|
||||||
|
client.tls_set(ca_certs="fullchain.pem", cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_REQUIRED)
|
||||||
|
client.connect("${domain}", 8883, 60)
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**ESP32/Arduino Example:**
|
||||||
|
```cpp
|
||||||
|
#include <WiFiClientSecure.h>
|
||||||
|
#include <PubSubClient.h>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
const char* root_ca = "..."; // Content from fullchain.pem
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
WiFiClientSecure espClient;
|
||||||
|
PubSubClient client(espClient);
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
void setup() {
|
||||||
|
espClient.setCACert(root_ca);
|
||||||
|
client.setServer("${domain}", 8883);
|
||||||
|
client.connect("ESP32", "username", "password");
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Troubleshooting
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### DNS Resolution Issues
|
||||||
|
- Verify A record points to server IP
|
||||||
|
- Wait 5-10 minutes for DNS propagation
|
||||||
|
- Test with: `dig ${domain} +short`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Certificate Validation Failed
|
||||||
|
- Check system time is synchronized
|
||||||
|
- Update system CA certificates
|
||||||
|
- Use fullchain.pem instead of system CA
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Container Start Failed
|
||||||
|
- Check certificate file permissions
|
||||||
|
- Verify volume mount paths
|
||||||
|
- Review container logs: `docker logs ${emqx_container}`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### SSL Connection Refused
|
||||||
|
- Verify port 8883 is open in firewall
|
||||||
|
- Check EMQX listener status
|
||||||
|
- Test with: `openssl s_client -connect ${domain}:8883`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Maintenance
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Certificate Renewal
|
||||||
|
Auto-renewal is configured via cron (daily at 00:34). Manual renewal:
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
~/.acme.sh/acme.sh --renew -d ${domain} --force
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Check Certificate Expiry
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
openssl x509 -in ${cert_dir}/${domain}/cert.pem -noout -dates
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Update Client Certificates
|
||||||
|
When certificate is renewed, container automatically restarts. No client updates needed unless using public key pinning.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Security Notes
|
||||||
|
1. **Private Key (key.pem)**: Keep confidential, never share
|
||||||
|
2. **Certificate (cert.pem)**: Safe to distribute to clients
|
||||||
|
3. **Full Chain (fullchain.pem)**: Safe to distribute to clients
|
||||||
|
4. **Public Key (public.pem)**: Safe to distribute for pinning
|
||||||
|
5. **Backup Files**: Store in encrypted storage
|
||||||
|
6. **Auto-Renewal**: Enabled, checks daily, renews 60 days before expiry
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Output Files
|
||||||
|
- `${cert_dir}/${domain}/cert.pem`: Server certificate
|
||||||
|
- `${cert_dir}/${domain}/key.pem`: Private key
|
||||||
|
- `${cert_dir}/${domain}/public.pem`: Public key
|
||||||
|
- `${cert_dir}/${domain}/fullchain.pem`: Full certificate chain
|
||||||
|
- `${cert_dir}/${domain}/cacert.pem`: CA certificate (symlink)
|
||||||
|
- `${cert_dir}/${domain}/fingerprints.txt`: Fingerprints
|
||||||
|
- `${cert_dir}/${domain}/README.txt`: Documentation
|
||||||
|
- `${cert_dir}/${domain}-complete-*.tar.gz`: Backup package
|
||||||
|
- `${cert_dir}/${domain}-checksums.txt`: Package checksums
|
||||||
|
- `/root/emqx-backup-*.json`: Container configuration backup
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Success Criteria
|
||||||
|
- ✅ DNS resolves correctly
|
||||||
|
- ✅ Certificate issued successfully
|
||||||
|
- ✅ EMQX container running with certificate mount
|
||||||
|
- ✅ SSL listener on port 8883 active
|
||||||
|
- ✅ SSL handshake succeeds
|
||||||
|
- ✅ Auto-renewal configured
|
||||||
|
- ✅ Documentation generated
|
||||||
|
- ✅ Backup package created
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Related Commands
|
||||||
|
- Check certificate info: `openssl x509 -in cert.pem -text -noout`
|
||||||
|
- Test MQTTS connection: `mosquitto_pub -h ${domain} -p 8883 --cafile fullchain.pem -t test -m hello`
|
||||||
|
- View EMQX logs: `docker logs -f ${emqx_container}`
|
||||||
|
- List certificates: `~/.acme.sh/acme.sh --list`
|
||||||
|
- Force renewal: `~/.acme.sh/acme.sh --renew -d ${domain} --force`
|
||||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user